Dear All,
You may remember that I inquired prosocial behaviour scale a couple weeks ago, and I would like to thank each of you who kindly shares the knowledge in this area.
Now I have compiled some relevant scales advised by OB scholars in this group, and few others that I have searched independently.
Please note that it is very important that anybody who wants to use any of these scales firstly read the original papers or access advised sources for the interest of accuracy.
Hope this compilation (below) is useful.
Kind regards,
Ivan
Measures related to Prosocial orientation / behavior
Rosenberg, R. S., Baughman, S. L., & Bailenson, J. N. (2013). Virtual superheroes:
Using superpowers in virtual reality to encourage prosocial behavior. PloS one, 8(1), e55003.
Adapted subscale of the Prosocial Orientation Questionnaire
1. I would welcome other students to join me when I study.
2. I would spend time and money to help those in need.
3. I would try to stop my friends from arguing or fighting.
4. I would volunteer to help charity if they need my help.
5. I would help my family if they were in need.
6. If a stranger left something behind, I would tell him or her.
7. I feel happy when I share my things with others.
8. I would offer to help people who are disabled (e.g. in a wheel chair).
9. I feel jealous when my friends do exceptionally well.
10. I look down on my classmates who do not do well in school.
11. I do things to make my parents happy.
12. I like to help my friends (for example, to return a library book for a friend).
13. I would help my friends when they have a problem.
14. I would give up something I like to help my friends or family.
15. I would give up my seat on a train or bus to someone in need.
16. I would help to do housework at home.
17. I would not help someone who has not helped me.
18. I would help someone who has not helped me.
Amato, P. R. (1985). An investigation of planned helping behavior. Journal of Research in Personality, 19(2), 232-252.
1. Bought a present for a friend or relative for no formal reason (i.e., it was not their birthday, anniversary, or Christmas)
2. Gave old clothes or household articles to a charitable organization
3. Donated money to an organization or agency which gives assistance to needy people
4. Purchased or picked up an item in town for a friend or family member who was not able to pick it up him/herself
5. Visited a person you knew was having a personal problem with the intention of talking it over or cheering the person up
6. Lent more than a couple of dollars to a friend or relative
7. Visited a person you thought might be lonely
8. Brought food you made, or grew, to a friend or relative
9. Visited a sick friend or relative in the hospital
10. Looked after a sick friend or relative
11. Gave someone a ride on a regular basis because they were without transportation
12. Kept an eye on a neighbor's house or property while they were away
13. Donated money to any noncharitable, nonprofit community organization (memorial fund, research organization, school, hospital, etc.)
14. Spent time teaching a friend or relative a skill which you possess, such as playing an instrument, doing art work, speaking a language, or driving a car
15. Invited an acquaintance who was new in town and did not know many people to your home
16. Donated time to any noncharitable, nonprofit community organization (memorial fund, research organization, school, hospital, etc.)
17. Attended meetings of any community group or club which engages in service work of any kind for the community
18. Took a friend or relative out for a meal with the intention of paying the bill
19. Donated time to an organization or agency which gives assistance to needy people
20. Lent a major possession, such as a car or television set, to a friend or relative for more than a couple of days
21. Helped a friend or relative move into a house
22. Helped a friend or relative make repairs on his/her house, car, or property
23. Looked after a friend's or relative's house, car, plants, mail. pets, or other property while they were out of town
24. Had meetings with a person on a regular basis to give informal counseling or advice on some matter
25. Looked after a friend's or relative's children on a regular basis
26. Offered the use of your home for a meeting of some work group, club, or committee
27. Took notes for a fellow student on a regular basis
28. Gave regular tutorial assistance to a fellow student
29. Wrote a letter to the Editor, an elected official, or a government agency about an issue which was not motivated entirely by self-interest
30. Volunteered to be a subject or respondent in a research project
31. Donated blood (or any other medical item)
32. Did any kind of voluntary, formal counseling through a community agency or organization
33. Helped to organize a public forum, rally, demonstration, or march concerning a cause which you believe in strongly
Carlo, G., & Randall, B. A. (2002). The development of a measure of prosocial behaviors for late adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 31(1), 31-44.
Below are a number of statements that may or may not describe you. Please indicate HOW MUCH EACH STATEMENT DESCRIBES YOU by using the following scale:
1 (Does not describe me at all), 2 (Describes me a little), 3 (Somewhat Describes me), 4 (Describes me well), and 5 (Describes me greatly)
1. I can help others best when people are watching me.
2. It is most fulfilling to me when I can comfort someone who is very distressed.
3. When other people are around, it is easier for me to help needy others.
4. I think that one of the best things about helping others is that it makes me look good.
5. I get the most out of helping others when it is done in front of others.
6. I tend to help people who are in a real crisis or need.
7. When people ask me to help them, I don't hesitate.
8. I prefer to donate money anonymously.
9. I tend to help people who hurt themselves badly.
10. I believe that donating goods or money works best when it is tax-deductible.
11. I tend to help needy others most when they do not know who helped them.
12. I tend to help others particularly when they are emotionally distressed
13. Helping others when I am in the spotlight is when I work best.
14. It is easy for me to help others when they are in a dire situation.
15. Most of the time, I help others when they do not know who helped them.
16. I believe I should receive more recognition for the time and energy I spend on charity work.
17. I respond to helping others best when the situation is highly emotional.
18. I never hesitate to help others when they ask for it.
19. I think that helping others without them knowing is the best type of situation.
20. One of the best things about doing charity work is that it looks good on my resume.
21. Emotional situations make me want to help needy others.
22. I often make anonymous donations because they make me feel good.
23. I feel that if I help someone, they should help me in the future.
Grant, A. M. 2008. Does intrinsic motivation fuel the prosocial fire? Motivational synergy in predicting persistence, performance, and productivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93: 48-58.
Grant, A. M., & Sumanth, J. J. 2009. Mission possible? The performance of prosocially motivated employees depends on manager trustworthiness. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94: 927-944.
Grant, A. M. 2008. Designing jobs to do good: Dimensions and psychological consequences of prosocial job characteristics. Journal of Positive Psychology, 3: 19-39.
Prosocial motivation
1. It is important to me to do good for others through my work.
2. I care about benefiting others through my work.
3. I want to help others through my work.
4. I want to have a positive impact on others through my work.
5. I get energized by working on tasks that have the potential to benefit others.
6. I like to work on tasks that have the potential to benefit others.
7. I prefer to work on tasks that allow me to have a positive impact on others.
8. I do my best when I'm working on a task that contributes to the well-being of others.
9. It is important to me to have the opportunity to use my abilities to benefit others.
10. It is important to me to make a positive difference in people's lives through my work.
11. At work, I care about improving the welfare of other people.
12. One of my objectives at work is to make a positive difference in other people's lives.
Helping behaviors
| 1. This particular employee volunteers to do things for this work group. |
| 2. This particular employee helps orient new employees in this group. |
| 3. This particular employee attends functions that help this work group. |
| 4. This particular employee assists others in this group with their work for the benefit of the group. |
| 5. This particular employee gets involved to benefit this work group. |
| 6. This particular employee helps others in this group learn about the work. |
| 7. This particular employee helps others in this group with their work responsibilities. |
Comparative Emphasis Scale (Ravlin, E.C. & Meglino, B. M.)
Please read the following 24 pairs of statements and indicate which one in each pair you feel should receive more emphasis. Some choices will probably be difficult for you, but please do the best you can. Do not leave any questions blank.
1. Taking care of all loose ends on a job or project
Being impartial in dealing with others
2. Taking actions which represent your true feelings
Trying to avoid hurting other people
3. Encouraging someone who is having a difficult day
Considering different points of view before taking action
4. Speaking your mind even when your views may not be popular
Working to meet job requirements even when your personal schedule must be rearranged
5. Making decisions which are fair to all concerned
Expressing your true opinions when asked
6. Continuing to work on a problem until it is resolved
Trying to help a fellow worker through a difficult time
7. Trying to help reduce a friend's burden
Admitting an error and accepting the consequences
8. Being impartial in judging disagreements
Helping others on difficult jobs
9. Taking on additional tasks to get ahead
Admitting to making a mistake rather than covering it up
10. Offering help to others when they are having a tough time
Doing whatever work is required to advance in your career
11. Always being truthful in dealing with others
Giving everyone an equal opportunity at work
12. Judging people fairly based on their abilities rather than only on their personalities
Seeking out all opportunities to learn new skills
13. Trying to be helpful to a friend at work
Being sure that work assignments are fair to everyone
14. Refusing to take credit for ideas of others
Maintaining the highest standard for your performance
15. Being determined to be the best at your work
Trying not to hurt a friend's feelings
16. Trying to bring about a fair solution to a dispute
Admitting responsibility for errors made
17. Finishing each job you start even when others do not
Making sure that rewards are given in the fairest possible way
18. Refusing to tell a lie to make yourself look good
Helping those who are worried about things at work
19. Trying as hard as you can to learn as much as possible about your job
Taking a stand for what you believe in
20. Sharing information and ideas which others need to do their job
Always setting high performance goals for yourself
21. Refusing to do something you think is wrong
Providing fair treatment for all employees
22. Allowing each employee to have an equal chance to get rewards
Taking on more responsibility to get ahead in an organization
23. Correcting others' errors without embarrassing them
Holding true to your convictions
24. Providing fair treatment for each employee
Lending a helping hand to someone having difficulty
Rushton, Chrisjohn, & Fekken (Personality and Individual Differences, 1981, 2: 293-302).
Altruistic Behavior
1 = never, 2 = once, 3 = more than once, 4 = often, 5 = very often
1. I have helped push a stranger's car out of the snow
2. I have given directions to stranger
3. I have made change for a stranger
4. I have given money to a charity
5. I have given money to a stranger who needed it (or asked me for it)
6. I have donated goods or clothes for charity
7. I have done volunteer work for charity
8. I have donated blood
9. I have helped carry a stranger's belongings (books, parcels, etc.)
10. I have delayed an elevator and held the door open for a stranger
11. I have allowed someone to go ahead of me in a line-up (at Xerox machine, in the supermarket)
12. I have given a stranger a lift in my car
13. I have pointed out a clerk's error (in a bank, at the supermarket) in undercharging me for an item
14. I have let a neighbour whom I didn't know too well borrow an item of some value to me (e.g., a dish, tools, etc.)
15. I have bought 'charity' Christmas cards deliberately because I knew it was a good cause
16. I have helped a classmate who I did not know that well with a homework
17. I have before being asked, voluntarily looked after a neighbour's pets or children without being paid for it
18. I have offered to help a handicapped or elderly stranger across a street
19. I have offered my seat on a bus or train to a stranger who was standing
20. I have helped an acquaintance to move households
Davis, 1983 (Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44: 113-126)
Empathic Concern Scale
(1 = strongly disagree; 7 = strongly agree)
1. When I see someone being taken advantage of, I feel kind of protective toward them.
2. When I see someone being treated unfairly, I sometimes don't feel very much pity for them. R
3. I often have tender, concerned feelings for people less fortunate than me.
4. I would describe myself as a pretty soft-hearted person.
5. Sometimes I don't feel sorry for other people when they are having problems. R
6. Other people's misfortunes do not usually disturb me a great deal. R
7. I am often quite touched by things that I see happen.