Discussion: View Thread

Classics in Motivation - OB Digest - 3 Nov 2013 to 4 Nov 2013 (#2013-238)

  • 1.  Classics in Motivation - OB Digest - 3 Nov 2013 to 4 Nov 2013 (#2013-238)

    Posted 11-05-2013 00:48
    Supriya, You might also like to look at the work of Udai Pareek (Extensions motive) and Khandwalla (Pioneering-Innovating motive) - especially in the Indian context.
     
    Margie Parikh, PhD
    B K School of Business Management
    Gujarat University, University Road, Ahmedabad - 380 009, India
    Tel: (O) +917926304811


    On Tuesday, 5 November 2013 10:32 AM, OB automatic digest system <LISTSERV@AOMLISTS.PACE.EDU> wrote:
    ----- Forwarded Message -----

    Academy of Management Lists

    OB Digest - 3 Nov 2013 to 4 Nov 2013 (#2013-238)

    Table of contents:

    1. Classics in Motivation
    2. OB Text suited to online teaching?
    3. Call for papers - EJWOP Special Issue: Dynamics of team adaptation and team cognition
    4. CFP: Collective Intelligence 2014
    5. The University of Oklahoma seeks a tenure-track assistant professor in OB

    Browse the OB online archives.
    Supriya

    I am not sure that you aren't reinventing the wheel here in your project. See for examples these classical psychology repositories:


    I recall when doing my PhD thesis finding many classic papers from Maslow, Rogers and more in such websites readily available, and very useful too.

    Sincerely
    John


    On Mon, Nov 4, 2013 at 12:38 AM, Michael Denunzio <michael.m.denunzio@gmail.com> wrote:
    Here are just a few off the top of my head:

    Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280

    Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 125-152. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125

    Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97(1), 19-35. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19 (but the book is better, a definite must-read: Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.)

    McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.40.7.812

    Elliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 5-12. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.5

    Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4(3), 269-288. doi: 10.1080/02699939008410799


    On Sun, Nov 3, 2013 at 9:08 AM, Supriya Sharma <supriyas@iimahd.ernet.in> wrote:
    Hello Everyone, 

    I am working on compiling a list of must read classic articles in motivation. The focus is on more classic works that have defined and/or impacted the field of motivation significantly. I am looking for suggestions for individual articles or even outlines for courses focussed on classic studies in motivation. 

    Looking forward to some help in putting this compilation together. 

    Thanks in advance. 

    --
    Supriya Sharma
    Doctoral Scholar (Organizational Behavior)
    Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India




    --
    Michael M. Denunzio
    Doctoral Student
    Industrial/Organizational Psychology
    Baruch College, City University of New York
    55 Lexington Ave.
    New York, NY 10010
    Office 8-270C

    "The most successful organizing principle the world has ever known is a simple guarantee that we can buy and do things that have no point greater than the satisfaction of our own happiness." - Brendan Greeley

    I teach introductory OB online to undergraduate students.  I am looking for a textbook that is suited to online teaching, which (to my mind) means that it should be engaging, relatively brief, and emphasize the big ticket concepts and applications. It'd like it to be evidence-based, too.. Many of the texts I've examined are long on relatively unimportant facts and pseudo-facts and short on stimulating ideas. I want the students to get excited about OB.

    If you have any suggestions, please let me know


    Hannah R. Rothstein, Ph.D.
    Department of Management
    Zicklin School of Business
    Baruch College--CUNY
    1 Bernard Baruch Way
    New York, NY 10010
    USA

    Visit Research Synthesis Methods
    The official journal of the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology
    at www.researchsynthesismethods.com
    That is a great list, Michael.  I would also add Ryan and Deci's (2000) classic.

    Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. 2000. Self-determination theory and the
    facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being.
    American Psychologist, 55: 68-78.

    Jason
    Locke and Latham have a great summary of motivation in AMR from 10 years ago - has a diagram linking all the different theories that provides a nice framework.

    Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2004). What should we do about motivation theory?  Six recommendations for the twenty-first century. Academy of Management Review, 29(3), 388-403.
    Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory and the role of self-efficacy in work motivation are well documented but not well publicized.  Meta analyses by Alex Stajkovic and Fred Luthans shows self-efficacy is a better predictor of performance than other motivation tools such as goal setting or feedback and coaching.  He has many books and articles but from a work perspective, his article with Bob Wood is probably the best summary.
    Wood, R., & Bandura, A. 1989. Social cognitive theory of organizational management. The Academy of Management Review, 14: 361-384.
    Cheers
    Richard
    Dr Richard Carter
    m: +61 (0) 414 782 182
     
    I rode in the Sunsuper Ride to Conquer Cancer - a 200 km, 2 day bike ride that raised $5.7m for The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse at RPA in 2012 and $4.1m in 2013.  Join me for the ride in 2014 here.


    On Mon, Nov 4, 2013 at 3:38 AM, Michael Denunzio <michael.m.denunzio@gmail.com> wrote:
    Here are just a few off the top of my head:

    Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280

    Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 125-152. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125

    Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97(1), 19-35. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19 (but the book is better, a definite must-read: Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.)

    McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.40.7.812

    Elliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 5-12. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.5

    Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4(3), 269-288. doi: 10.1080/02699939008410799


    On Sun, Nov 3, 2013 at 9:08 AM, Supriya Sharma <supriyas@iimahd.ernet.in> wrote:
    Hello Everyone, 

    I am working on compiling a list of must read classic articles in motivation. The focus is on more classic works that have defined and/or impacted the field of motivation significantly. I am looking for suggestions for individual articles or even outlines for courses focussed on classic studies in motivation. 

    Looking forward to some help in putting this compilation together. 

    Thanks in advance. 

    --
    Supriya Sharma
    Doctoral Scholar (Organizational Behavior)
    Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India




    --
    Michael M. Denunzio
    Doctoral Student
    Industrial/Organizational Psychology
    Baruch College, City University of New York
    55 Lexington Ave.
    New York, NY 10010
    Office 8-270C

    "The most successful organizing principle the world has ever known is a simple guarantee that we can buy and do things that have no point greater than the satisfaction of our own happiness." - Brendan Greeley



    --
    Dr Richard Carter
    m: +61 (0) 414 782 182
     
    I rode in the Sunsuper Ride to Conquer Cancer - a 200 km, 2 day bike ride that raised $5.7m for The Chris O'Brien Lifehouse at RPA in 2012.  Join me for the ride in 2013 here.
     
    Anything by Deci and Ryan. And, of course, the classic Hawthorne studies.
    -Julie

    Dr. Julie Urda
    Assistant Professor of Management
    Rhode Island College
    600 Mount Pleasant Avenue
    Providence, RI 02908
    jurda@ric.edu

    Fall 2013 office hours:
    MW 12:45-1:45
    TTh 11-12
    Friday as needed
    By appointment
    Alger 207
    ________________________________________
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv [OB@AOMLISTS.PACE.EDU] On Behalf Of Supriya Sharma [supriyas@IIMAHD.ERNET.IN]
    Sent: Sunday, November 03, 2013 9:08 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.PACE.EDU
    Subject: [OB-LIST] Classics in Motivation

    Hello Everyone,

    I am working on compiling a list of must read classic articles in motivation. The focus is on more classic works that have defined and/or impacted the field of motivation significantly. I am looking for suggestions for individual articles or even outlines for courses focussed on classic studies in motivation.

    Looking forward to some help in putting this compilation together.

    Thanks in advance.

    --
    Supriya Sharma
    Doctoral Scholar (Organizational Behavior)
    Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India
     
    Call For Papers
    European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology
    Special Issue: Dynamics of team adaptation and team cognition

    Guest Editors
    Josette M.P. Gevers , Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
    Ana Margarida Passos, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Portugal
    Sjir Uitdewilligen, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
     
    Organizations are faced with unstable and dynamic environments that require continuous improvements not only in products and services but also in their overall functioning (Pulakos, Arad, Donovan, & Plamondon, 2000). As a result organizations have often reverted to team based structures for fostering the required flexibility and adaptability to deal with rapid shifts in context. Although the body of knowledge concerning factors that impact team performance has increased over the last decades (e.g. Kozlowski & Ilgen, 2006; Mathieu, Maynard, Rapp, & Gilson, 2008), relatively few studies specifically address how teams adapt to novel and challenging circumstances (LePine, 2005; Randall, Resick, & DeChurch, 2011). This is all the more critical since it is particularly during novel, non-routine situations that effective team performance becomes most crucial and at the same time most difficult to uphold (Waller, 1999). More specifically, recent theoretical work suggests that a longitudinal and integrative approach to adaptation research may help to foster an in-depth understanding of the dynamic nature of adaptive processes (Baard, Rench & Kozlowski, 2013; Burke, Stagle, Salas, Pierce, & Kendall, 2006).
     
    Previous research suggests team cognition is quintessential to understand team adaptation (Burke et al., 2006; DeChurch & Mesmer-Magnus, 2010). However, although recent theorizing emphasizes the dynamic nature of team cognition (Rico et al., 2008; Kozlowski & Chao, 2013) empirical studies have predominantly embraced a static approach in which teams' cognitive structures and process are operationalized as stable characteristics, and cognitive constructs as well as outcome measures are assessed at a single point in time. Yet, particularly in environments where team members have to adapt regularly to changing environmental contingencies, team cognition is likely to be characterized as an unfolding process, as teams adapt their cognitive structures to the changing demands of their task environments (Randall, Resick, & DeChurch, 2011; Uitdewilligen, Waller, & Pitariu, 2013). Moreover, although there is a general recognition in the literature of team cognition as an emergent phenomenon "by which lower level system elements interact and through those dynamics create phenomena that manifest at a higher level of the system" (Kozlowski & Chao, 2013, p. 335), still little is known about how these emergent processes unfold over time.
     
    The purpose of this special issue therefore is to serve as a springboard for a more dynamic approach to assess team functioning in dynamic environments, and to address the dynamics of cognition in situations that require teams to adapt to unexpected changes in their task environments. A key focus of papers submitted should be the recognition of the longitudinal changing nature of team functioning including cognitive processes and structures. The concepts employed may include but are not limited to: compilation and composition emergence, flux and adaptation, non-routine events, shared cognition emergence, collective sensemaking,  team reflexivity, team metacognition, and team learning.
     
    Submissions to this special issue could cover, but are not restricted to the following topics:
     
    ·         Empirical studies as well as theories that explain the role of team cognition, team processes and emergent states in adaptive processes. For instance, papers that focus on the cognitive processes involved when teams adapt to novel circumstances or studies investigating the effects of environmental turbulence on cognitive dynamics and emergence.
    ·         Studies that measure team cognitive structure and processes over time in dynamic contexts. For instance by investigating the emergence of composition and compilation of team cognition over time or studies that investigate the rigidity or flexibility of team cognition. Or papers that introduce, demonstrate, or assess innovative measures, methods or techniques for assessing and analyzing team adaptation and/or team cognition over time.
    ·         Theoretical or empirical work that addresses specific contexts or sources of change demanding adaptation in teams, such as innovation processes in organizations, reactions to unexpected events, crisis and emergencies (medical, environmental, organizational failures), interactions between teams in multiteam systems, or organizational change processes in general.
     
    Submission Method
     
    Manuscripts should be submitted by Friday April 28th, 2014.
     
    All manuscripts should be submitted through the EJWOP Scholar One Manuscripts submission site selecting 'Team adaptation and the dynamics of team cognition' as the Special Issue type.
     
    Authors should adhere to the EJWOP Instructions for Authors when preparing their manuscripts. All submitted manuscripts are subject to a double blind academic review process. They will be evaluated based on their contribution to the topic and the regular EJWOP review criteria.
     
    For further information, or if you have any questions about suitability of your work, please contact the editors:
     
    Josette M.P. Gevers: j.m.p.gevers@tue.nl
    Ana Margarida Passos: ana.passos@iscte.pt
     
     
     
    Please distribute widely. Thank you.


    ********************************************************
    CALL FOR PAPERS
    ********************************************************
    Collective Intelligence 2014
    MIT, Cambridge, MA
    June 10-12, 2014
    ********************************************************
    This interdisciplinary conference seeks to bring together researchers from a variety of fields relevant to understanding and designing collective intelligence of many types.

    Topics of interest include but are not limited to:
    • human computation
    • social computing
    • crowdsourcing
    • wisdom of crowds (e.g., prediction markets)
    • group memory and extended cognition
    • collective decision making and problem-solving
    • participatory and deliberative democracy
    • animal collective behavior
    • organizational design
    • public policy design (e.g., regulatory reform)
    • ethics of collective intelligence (e.g., "digital sweatshops")
    • computational models of group search and optimization
    • emergence and evolution of intelligence
    • new technologies for making groups smarter

    CONFERENCE FORMAT
    The conference will consist of

    Invited talks from prominent researchers in different areas related to collective intelligence including:


    Oral presentations (see below)
    Poster/Demo sessions (see below)
    "Ignite" sessions in which practitioners (e.g. policy makers) connect with researchers around collective-intelligence-based solutions to real-world problems.

    SUBMISSION

    Submissions of two types are invited:
    • Reports of original research results
    • Demonstrations of tools/technology

    All submissions should  be formatted as three-page extended abstracts (see www.collectiveintelligence2014.org for Word and Latex templates), and should be submitted at https://cmt.research.microsoft.com/CI2014

    In order to encourage a diversity of innovative ideas from a variety of fields, submissions may refer to work that is recently published, under review elsewhere, or in preparation, and may link to up to one publicly accessible paper for the purpose of describing the work in detail. However, submissions will be evaluated solely on the submitted abstract, which must therefore comprise an entirely self-contained description of the work.

    After review by the Program Committee, a subset of submitted papers will be invited for oral presentation, as well as for presentation as posters and/or demos. A second subset will also be invited exclusively for presentation as posters and/or demos.

    Accepted submissions (including for posters and demos) will be compiled into a single report which will be made available on http://arxiv.org. We emphasize that published abstracts are not intended to be considered archival publications or to preclude submission of the reported work to archival journals; however, we cannot guarantee that certain journals do not have policies precluding the publishing of extended abstracts.

    Authors will not receive detailed feedback from the review process, and accepted abstracts will be included as submitted (i.e. submissions should be camera-ready).

    IMPORTANT DATES

    Extended abstract submission deadline:  January 15, 2014
    Notification of acceptance / rejection:  February 15, 2014
    Conference dates:  June 10-12, 2014

    PROGRAM CHAIRS

    Duncan Watts (Microsoft Research)
    Michael Kearns (University of Pennsylvania)

    GENERAL CHAIRS

    Jeffrey Nickerson (Stevens Institute of Technology)
    Thomas Malone (MIT)

    PROGRAM COMMITTEE

    Lada Adamic (Facebook, University of Michigan)
    Christopher Chabris (Union College)
    Iain Couzin (Princeton)
    Winter Mason (Stevens Institute of Technology, Facebook)
    Beth Noveck (NYU)
    Scott Page (University of Michigan)
    Paul Resnick (University of Michigan)
    Matthew Salganik (Princeton, Microsoft Research)
    Rajiv Sethi (Columbia University)
    Anita Woolley (CMU)

    COMMUNICATIONS CHAIR

    Elizabeth Gerber (Northwestern)

    LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS CHAIRS

    Seyda Ertekin (MIT)
    Lawrence Abeln (MIT)

    PROCEEDINGS CHAIRS

    Walter Lasecki and Jeff Bigham (University of Rochester)

    --
    Elizabeth Gerber, PhD
    Hi Hannah,
     
    I know everyone has their personal preferences on textbooks so I will throw in my two cents!
     
    I have been using the Colquitt, LePine, and Wesson OB textbook for a couple of years now and find it to be engaging, research based, and covers more contemporary topics, in my opinion.  I think they have an "Essentials" version, which I haven't used, that would fit the brevity component for the on-line audience.  Good luck!
     
    Lance
     
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv [mailto:OB@aomlists.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Hannah Rothstein
    Sent: Monday, November 04, 2013 7:46 AM
    To: OB@aomlists.pace.edu
    Subject: [Spam:10.1 SpamScore] [OB-LIST] OB Text suited to online teaching?
     
    I teach introductory OB online to undergraduate students.  I am looking for a textbook that is suited to online teaching, which (to my mind) means that it should be engaging, relatively brief, and emphasize the big ticket concepts and applications. It'd like it to be evidence-based, too.. Many of the texts I've examined are long on relatively unimportant facts and pseudo-facts and short on stimulating ideas. I want the students to get excited about OB.
     
    If you have any suggestions, please let me know
     
     
    Hannah R. Rothstein, Ph.D.
    Department of Management
    Zicklin School of Business
    Baruch College--CUNY
    1 Bernard Baruch Way
    New York, NY 10010
    USA

    Visit Research Synthesis Methods
    The official journal of the Society for Research Synthesis Methodology
    at www.researchsynthesismethods.com
    Colleagues:
     
    We are seeking to hire a tenure-track assistant professor in OB.  Please forward this information to anyone who may be interested in applying.

    The Department of Human Relations in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Oklahoma invites applications for an assistant professor position in Organizational Behavior. We are looking for an extraordinary colleague who will publish scholarly research, teach some combination of undergraduate, professional master's level courses, and advise students in areas related to organizational behavior.  Preference will be given to candidates whose interests include human resource management, and diversity/inclusion. This position is for the Norman Campus (main campus).
     
    The appointment will begin August 16, 2014 at the rank of Assistant Professor. Applicants must have a Ph.D. in human resource management, organizational behavior, industrial-organizational psychology, management, or a closely related social or behavioral science discipline by August 2014. Applicants must also be able to demonstrate a scholarly research record and teaching experience appropriate to career stage, and a desire to interact and collaborate with colleagues from other disciplines. Successful applicants will be expected to contribute to the service needs of a vibrant department, college, and university, including interacting with the professional business and human resources communities. Normal teaching duties consist of teaching four courses each academic year (generally, two courses each semester).
     
    Applications must include:
    (1)  Cover letter
    (2)  CV
    (3)  Research statement
    (4)  Teaching statement describing teaching experience and effectiveness (syllabi and teaching evaluations, if available)
    (5)  Three letters of recommendation.
     
    This will be a 9-month tenure-track appointment. The salary is competitive, commensurate with experience and qualifications. The review of applications will begin in November 2013, and continue until position is filled. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply.
     
    About the Department of Human Relations
     
    The Department of Human Relations at the University of Oklahoma is a multidisciplinary program that utilizes theory and research in its approach to working with people, organizations, and communities to promote social change. Core areas in our program include organizational studies, counseling and human services, social change, and diversity studies. The department creates research and offers courses pertaining to work, managing and leading people and organizations, and the behavior of individuals and groups. The department offers an undergraduate program of study, and a Master's degree in Human Relations (MHR). To learn more about our department, see http://www.ou.edu/cas/hr/.

     
    Submit applications to: Dr. Jody Worley, Search Committee, Department of Human Relations, University of Oklahoma, 4502 E 41st St, Tulsa, OK 74135.
     
    The University of Oklahoma is an equal opportunity, affirmative action employer.

     
    Jody A. Worley, Ph.D.
    Associate Professor
    Dept. of Human Relations
    University of Oklahoma
     
    This e-mail (including any attachments) is covered by the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 18 USC. 2510-2521. It is confidential and may be legally privileged. If you are not the intended recipient, you are hereby notified that any retention, dissemination, distribution, or copying of this communication is strictly prohibited. Please reply to the sender that you have received the message in error, and then delete it. Thank you.
     
    One of my favorites is Steven Kerr's "On the folly of rewarding A, while hoping for B" Academy of Management Journal, Dec 1975. This one should have a great impact but I think many people tend to forget it!
     
    Thanks,
     
    Ivan
     
     
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.PACE.EDU] On Behalf Of Michael Denunzio
    Sent: Sunday, November 03, 2013 10:38 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.PACE.EDU
    Subject: Re: [OB-LIST] Classics in Motivation
     
    Here are just a few off the top of my head:
     
    Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52(12), 1280-1300. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280
     
    Locke, E. A., Shaw, K. N., Saari, L. M., & Latham, G. P. (1981). Goal setting and task performance: 1969–1980. Psychological Bulletin, 90(1), 125-152. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.90.1.125
     
    Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1990). Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view. Psychological Review, 97(1), 19-35. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.97.1.19 (but the book is better, a definite must-read: Carver, C. S., & Scheier, M. F. (1998). On the self-regulation of behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.)
     
    McClelland, D. C. (1985). How motives, skills, and values determine what people do. American Psychologist, 40, 812-825. doi: 10.1037/0003-066x.40.7.812
     
    Elliott, E. S., & Dweck, C. S. (1988). Goals: An approach to motivation and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(1), 5-12. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.54.1.5
     
    Gray, J. A. (1990). Brain systems that mediate both emotion and cognition. Cognition and Emotion, 4(3), 269-288. doi: 10.1080/02699939008410799
     
    On Sun, Nov 3, 2013 at 9:08 AM, Supriya Sharma <supriyas@iimahd.ernet.in> wrote:
    Hello Everyone, 
     
    I am working on compiling a list of must read classic articles in motivation. The focus is on more classic works that have defined and/or impacted the field of motivation significantly. I am looking for suggestions for individual articles or even outlines for courses focussed on classic studies in motivation. 
     
    Looking forward to some help in putting this compilation together. 
     
    Thanks in advance. 
     
    --
    Supriya Sharma
    Doctoral Scholar (Organizational Behavior)
    Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad, India


     
    --
    Michael M. Denunzio
    Doctoral Student
    Industrial/Organizational Psychology
    Baruch College, City University of New York
    55 Lexington Ave.
    New York, NY 10010
    Office 8-270C

    "The most successful organizing principle the world has ever known is a simple guarantee that we can buy and do things that have no point greater than the satisfaction of our own happiness." - Brendan Greeley