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  • 1.  Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?

    Posted 01-31-2008 08:51
    Hello all,

    I have been asked by a friend outside the OB field for recommended readings or research on the relationship between working long hours and productivity. I know there is research examining the hazards associated with shift work or night shifts (e.g., falling asleep while driving home, on-the-job mistakes, stress at home), but is there research that looks at the effect of (for example) 6 long (12-14 hour) days/week on knowledge workers (such as laboratory scientists or R&D workers)?

    I realize that this is the work pattern for a lot of academics (so we may not want to look so close to home!), and likewise this is customary in many product development companies as deadlines approach, but what if this is "business as usual"?

    Any pointers to relevant readings that I can pass along would be much appreciated.

    Thanks in advance,
    Katherine
    <x-sigsep></x-sigsep>

    ______________________

    Katherine Lawrence, PhD
    School of Information
    University of Michigan
    734.994.7904
    kathla@umich.edu



  • 2.  Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?

    Posted 01-31-2008 10:30
    I have done a study on the relationship between work hours and productivity of doctors in intensive care (measured by a number of medical indicators for quality of patient care). Within an organizational context we find that working 12 hours as opposed to 8 hours has a higher productivity (better quality of patient care in surgical intensive care).

    Here is the reference
    "Alternative Shift Models and the Quality of Patient Care, An Empirical Study in Surgical Intensive Care Units." Langenbeck’s Archive of Surgery, 386(2001)2: 104-109. By Elfriede Bollschweiler, Achim Krings, Karl-Heinz Fuchs, Georg Pistorius, Thoma Bein, Ulrich Otto, Elke Muhl, <st1:personname w:st="on">Uschi Backes-Gellner</st1:personname> and Arnulf H. Hölscher.
    Hope this helps

    Uschi

    Katherine Lawrence <kathla@UMICH.EDU> schrieb:
    Hello all,

    I have been asked by a friend outside the OB field for recommended readings or research on the relationship between working long hours and productivity. I know there is research examining the hazards associated with shift work or night shifts (e.g., falling asleep while driving home, on-the-job mistakes, stress at home), but is there research that looks at the effect of (for example) 6 long (12-14 hour) days/week on knowledge workers (such as laboratory scientists or R&D workers)?

    I realize that this is the work pattern for a lot of academics (so we may not want to look so close to home!), and likewise this is customary in many product development companies as deadlines approach, but what if this is "business as usual"?

    Any pointers to relevant readings that I can pass along would be much appreciated.

    Thanks in advance,
    Katherine
    <x-sigsep></x-sigsep>
    ______________________

    Katherine Lawrence, PhD
    School of Information
    University of Michigan
    734.994.7904
    kathla@umich.edu




    Prof. Dr. Uschi Backes-Gellner,
    Professor for Business and Personnel Economics,
    Director of Swiss Leading House on "Economics of Education, Firm Behaviour and Training Policies"
    Zurich University,
    Plattenstrasse 14, CH-8032 Zürich,
    Tel.: + 41 44 634 42 81, Fax: +41 44 634 43 70
    E-Mail: ubg@isu.unizh.ch
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    webpages:
    http://www.isu.uzh.ch/cms/emap/research.html
    http://www.educationeconomics.uzh.ch/index_en.html
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    View my research on my SSRN Author page:
    http://ssrn.com/author=92556
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------


  • 3.  Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?

    Posted 01-31-2008 11:40
    You might refer your friend to the literature around medical resident hours and the impact of mandatory limits on patient outcomes.
    Good luck,
    Sara

    >>> Katherine Lawrence <kathla@UMICH.EDU> 1/31/2008 8:50 AM >>>
    Hello all,

    I have been asked by a friend outside the OB field for recommended readings
    or research on the relationship between working long hours and
    productivity. I know there is research examining the hazards associated
    with shift work or night shifts (e.g., falling asleep while driving home,
    on-the-job mistakes, stress at home), but is there research that looks at
    the effect of (for example) 6 long (12-14 hour) days/week on knowledge
    workers (such as laboratory scientists or R&D workers)?

    I realize that this is the work pattern for a lot of academics (so we may
    not want to look so close to home!), and likewise this is customary in many
    product development companies as deadlines approach, but what if this is
    "business as usual"?

    Any pointers to relevant readings that I can pass along would be much
    appreciated.

    Thanks in advance,
    Katherine

    ______________________

    Katherine Lawrence, PhD
    School of Information
    University of Michigan
    734.994.7904
    kathla@umich.edu


  • 4.  Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?

    Posted 01-31-2008 13:45
    Katherine,
    There was an article in JAP, I believe, about 4 years ago that found a
    powerful relationship between hours worked and managerial pay.
    Richard
    Richard E. Kopelman
    Professor of Management and
    Academic Director, Executive MSILR Program
    Management Department
    Zicklin School of Business
    Baruch College
    One Bernard Baruch Way
    New York, NY 10010-5585
    tel: 646.312.3629; fax: 646.312.3621



    Katherine
    Lawrence
    <kathla@UMICH.EDU To
    > OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Sent by: cc
    Organizational
    Behavior Division Subject
    Listserv Cites for relationship btw work
    <OB@AOMLISTS.pace hours and productivity?
    .edu>


    01/31/2008 08:50
    AM


    Please respond to
    Organizational
    Behavior Division
    Listserv
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    Hello all,

    I have been asked by a friend outside the OB field for recommended readings
    or research on the relationship between working long hours and
    productivity. I know there is research examining the hazards associated
    with shift work or night shifts (e.g., falling asleep while driving home,
    on-the-job mistakes, stress at home), but is there research that looks at
    the effect of (for example) 6 long (12-14 hour) days/week on knowledge
    workers (such as laboratory scientists or R&D workers)?

    I realize that this is the work pattern for a lot of academics (so we may
    not want to look so close to home!), and likewise this is customary in many
    product development companies as deadlines approach, but what if this is
    "business as usual"?

    Any pointers to relevant readings that I can pass along would be much
    appreciated.

    Thanks in advance,
    Katherine


    ______________________

    Katherine Lawrence, PhD
    School of Information
    University of Michigan
    734.994.7904
    kathla@umich.edu


  • 5.  Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?

    Posted 01-31-2008 16:48
    Katherine,


    There are two reviews presented below. Of the meager research that
    exists, the reviews don't really show much of an effect of long hours on
    productivity/performance and if they do it is often positive.



    1) Baltes, B.B., Briggs, T.E., Huff, J.W., Wright, J.A., and Neuman, G.A.
    (1999)
    Flexible and compressed workweek schedules: A meta-analysis of their
    effects on work-related criteria.
    Journal of Applied Psychology, 84 (4), 496-513.


    2) Also, there's a 2003 review, titled "Working Long Hours", prepared by
    the Health and Safety Laboratory, UK Government, that looks at many things
    including performance. The link is below as well as the Table of
    Contents:

    http://www.hse.gov.uk/research/hsl_pdf/2003/hsl03-02.pdf




    1 Background, method and scope of review
    ............................................................................
    1

    1.1 Aims and objectives
    ......................................................................................................
    1
    1.2 Methodology
    .................................................................................................................
    1
    1.3 Scope of
    review.............................................................................................................
    2

    2
    Introduction..........................................................................................................................
    3

    2.1 Working time
    directive..................................................................................................
    3
    2.2 What are long working hours?
    ......................................................................................
    3
    2.3 Prevalence of long working
    hours.................................................................................
    4
    2.4 How could long working hours affect health and safety?
    ............................................. 5

    3 Limitations of the research
    base............................................................................................
    6

    3.1
    Causation......................................................................................................................
    6
    3.2 Sample issues
    ................................................................................................................
    6
    3.3 Self report issues
    ...........................................................................................................
    7
    3.4 Possible
    biases...............................................................................................................
    8
    3.5 Conceptual ambiguity
    ...................................................................................................
    8
    3.6 Mediating
    variables.......................................................................................................
    9
    3.7 Conclusions
    .................................................................................................................
    10

    4
    Fatigue................................................................................................................................
    11

    4.1 Summary
    .....................................................................................................................
    11
    4.2 What is
    fatigue?...........................................................................................................
    11
    4.3 The Effects of long hours on levels of fatigue
    ............................................................ 13
    4.4 Why do long hours lead to
    fatigue?.............................................................................
    14
    4.5
    Conclusion...................................................................................................................
    15

    5 Psychological health and stress
    ...........................................................................................
    16

    5.1 Summary
    .....................................................................................................................
    16
    5.2
    Definitions...................................................................................................................
    16
    5.3 Evidence for mental health effects (including stress) from general
    reviews............... 16
    5.4 Mechanisms involved and mediating factors
    .............................................................. 18
    5.5
    Conclusion...................................................................................................................
    19

    6 Physical health
    ....................................................................................................................
    20

    6.1 Summary
    .....................................................................................................................
    20
    6.2 Cardiovascular
    disorder...............................................................................................
    20
    6.3 Mechanisms
    involved..................................................................................................
    21
    6.4 Other physical health effects
    .......................................................................................
    22
    6.5
    Conclusion...................................................................................................................
    22

    7 Safety and
    Accidents...........................................................................................................
    24

    7.1 Summary
    .....................................................................................................................
    24
    7.2
    Accidents.....................................................................................................................
    24
    7.3
    Conclusion...................................................................................................................
    26

    8 Performance
    ........................................................................................................................
    27

    8.1 Summary
    .....................................................................................................................
    27
    8.2 Performance
    effects.....................................................................................................
    27
    8.3 Mechanisms
    involved..................................................................................................
    29
    8.4
    Conclusion...................................................................................................................
    30

    9 Work-Life
    balance...............................................................................................................
    31

    9.1 Summary
    .....................................................................................................................
    31
    9.2 Definition of Work-Life Balance
    (WLB)....................................................................
    31
    9.3 The effects of working long hours on Work-life
    balance............................................ 32
    9.4 The effects of WLB practices that manipulate working
    hours.................................... 33
    9.5
    Conclusion...................................................................................................................
    34
    i
    10 Conclusions and
    recommendations.................................................................................
    35

    10.1 The research base
    ........................................................................................................
    35
    10.2 Main conclusions from the
    literature...........................................................................
    36
    10.3 Areas where research is lacking
    ..................................................................................
    37
    10.4 Recommendations
    .......................................................................................................
    38

    11 References
    .......................................................................................................................
    39

    12 Appendix 1 – Summary table of key
    studies...................................................................
    48



    ****************************************************************
    Michael R. Frone, Ph.D.
    Senior Research Scientist
    Research Institute on Addictions
    State University of New York at Buffalo
    1021 Main Street
    Buffalo, New York 14203

    Office: 716-887-2519
    Fax: 716-887-2477
    E-mail: frone@ria.buffalo.edu
    Internet: http://www.ria.buffalo.edu/profiles/frone.html
    ****************************************************************



    Katherine Lawrence <kathla@UMICH.EDU>
    Sent by: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv <OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu>
    01/31/2008 08:50 AM
    Please respond to
    Organizational Behavior Division Listserv <OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu>


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    Subject
    Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?






    Hello all,

    I have been asked by a friend outside the OB field for recommended
    readings or research on the relationship between working long hours and
    productivity. I know there is research examining the hazards associated
    with shift work or night shifts (e.g., falling asleep while driving home,
    on-the-job mistakes, stress at home), but is there research that looks at
    the effect of (for example) 6 long (12-14 hour) days/week on knowledge
    workers (such as laboratory scientists or R&D workers)?

    I realize that this is the work pattern for a lot of academics (so we may
    not want to look so close to home!), and likewise this is customary in
    many product development companies as deadlines approach, but what if this
    is "business as usual"?

    Any pointers to relevant readings that I can pass along would be much
    appreciated.

    Thanks in advance,
    Katherine
    ______________________

    Katherine Lawrence, PhD
    School of Information
    University of Michigan
    734.994.7904
    kathla@umich.edu


  • 6.  Cites for relationship btw work hours and productivity?

    Posted 02-14-2008 17:11
    Hi everyone,
    I found the exact citation: Brett, Jeanne M., & Stroh, Linda, K. (2003)
    "Working 61 Plus Hours a Week: Why Do Managers Do It?"
    Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 67-78.
    They found that average total compensation among male managers was $162k
    but among those working 61 or more hours a week it was $205k. (I suspect
    that he former figure includes the latter group, so these effects are
    probably understated.) The latter group also reaped psychological rewards
    (but experienced greater work to family stress B = .35).
    Richard Kopelman


    Richard E. Kopelman
    Professor of Management and
    Academic Director, Executive MSILR Program
    Management Department
    Zicklin School of Business
    Baruch College
    One Bernard Baruch Way
    New York, NY 10010-5585
    tel: 646.312.3629; fax: 646.312.3621



    Richard
    Kopelman/academic
    /baruch To
    Organizational Behavior Division
    01/31/2008 01:45 Listserv <OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu>
    PM cc

    Subject
    Re: Cites for relationship btw work
    hours and productivity?(Document
    link: Richard Kopelman)









    Katherine,
    There was an article in JAP, I believe, about 4 years ago that found a
    powerful relationship between hours worked and managerial pay.
    Richard
    Richard E. Kopelman
    Professor of Management and
    Academic Director, Executive MSILR Program
    Management Department
    Zicklin School of Business
    Baruch College
    One Bernard Baruch Way
    New York, NY 10010-5585
    tel: 646.312.3629; fax: 646.312.3621



    Katherine
    Lawrence
    <kathla@UMICH.EDU To
    > OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Sent by: cc
    Organizational
    Behavior Division Subject
    Listserv Cites for relationship btw work
    <OB@AOMLISTS.pace hours and productivity?
    .edu>


    01/31/2008 08:50
    AM


    Please respond to
    Organizational
    Behavior Division
    Listserv
    <OB@AOMLISTS.pace
    .edu>






    Hello all,

    I have been asked by a friend outside the OB field for recommended readings
    or research on the relationship between working long hours and
    productivity. I know there is research examining the hazards associated
    with shift work or night shifts (e.g., falling asleep while driving home,
    on-the-job mistakes, stress at home), but is there research that looks at
    the effect of (for example) 6 long (12-14 hour) days/week on knowledge
    workers (such as laboratory scientists or R&D workers)?

    I realize that this is the work pattern for a lot of academics (so we may
    not want to look so close to home!), and likewise this is customary in many
    product development companies as deadlines approach, but what if this is
    "business as usual"?

    Any pointers to relevant readings that I can pass along would be much
    appreciated.

    Thanks in advance,
    Katherine


    ______________________

    Katherine Lawrence, PhD
    School of Information
    University of Michigan
    734.994.7904
    kathla@umich.edu