Discussion: View Thread

dealing with student team freeriders

  • 1.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 11:48

    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my <st1:place w:st="on">OB</st1:place> classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan

     

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    <u1:placename u2:st="on">Management</u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Program</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place></u1:placetype> of <u1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Business</st1:placename></u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Administration</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></u1:placetype> of <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:placename></u1:state> at <u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Monroe</st1:place></st1:city></u1:city>
    <u1:place u2:st="on"><u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Monroe</st1:city></st1:place></u1:city>, <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">LA</st1:state></u1:state> <u1:postalcode u2:st="on"><st1:postalcode w:st="on">71209-0100</st1:postalcode></u1:postalcode></u1:place>
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101

     



  • 2.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 12:35
    Dear Stan:

    Using 100%, I have my students put percentages of work for each person in their group. Thus, if there are 5 people and most everyone gives group members 20%, I am pretty confident that they all participated fairly equally. If, however, several group members rate one individual as doing very little, I am more confident lowering the group grade for this person. It's not perfect, but it helps.

    Pam




    Pamela L. Perrewe
    Distinguished Research Professor
    Jim Moran Professor of Management
    College of Business
    Florida State University
    Tallahassee, FL 32306-1110


    ________________________________

    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv on behalf of Stanley Williamson
    Sent: Mon 10/15/2007 11:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders



    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my OB classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan



    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101


  • 3.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 12:49
    My favorite trick is to include bonus points as part of the team evaluation, with each team given a pool of bonus points to be divided among group members. So if there are 5 members in a group, say a total of 50 bonus points (or whatever number of points you believe appropriate given the course grading scale) are available and there must be group consensus on how the points are allocated. It forces the group to address the issues and I have found that they are usually pretty fair in how they divide the points. Freeloaders usually recognize that they have not done their fair share, and if they don't, their colleagues are given the opportunity and must be willing to address it.

    Beth Valicenti

    Professor, Business
    Community College of Beaver County
    Monaca, PA 15061

    ________________________________

    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv on behalf of Stanley Williamson
    Sent: Mon 10/15/2007 11:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders



    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my OB classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan



    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101


  • 4.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 12:50

    Stan, as I am sure you are aware, social loafing can be the result of several causes.  In my opinion the strongest of these are:

     

    1. Lack of connection between inputs and outcomes

    2. Perception that individual efforts are unnecessary or unimportant

     

    It seems that 5% may not be a strong enough manipulation to achieve what you are after.  My first suggestion would be to think about having peer evaluations on each major project.  Here is what I do.  I give each team 100 points per team member (5 members, 500 points).  I ask them to assign points among the team based on how each member contributed to the end product.   I limit the downside to 80 points and the upside to 125 points.  I then give the project an overall score and multiply the average of the points awarded times that score to get the individual scores.  I encourage them to work as a team to determine what each should do in order to achieve 100 points to avoid surprises at the end (it also forces a clarification of expectations and roles).  I also ask them to justify their allocation to reduce self-serving bias and other biases.  I am attaching the form I use that explains how this works.

     

    You will also notice that both of the above causes are directly related to the size of the group.  You may want to consider reducing the size to curb loafing.

    Another thing that you can do is to have teams provide you with a plan of how they will accomplish the assignment with dates.  Again this helps to clarify the linkage between input and output.  Anything that you can do to make individual contributions identifiable and help students feel that their contribution is valuable should reduce loafing/free riding.

     

    Jeff Peterson

    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Michael</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">G.</st1:placename> <st1:placename w:st="on">Foster</st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype></st1:place> of Business

    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Washington</st1:placename></st1:place>

     


    From: <st1:personname w:st="on">Organizational Behavior Division Listserv</st1:personname> [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Stanley Williamson
    Sent: Monday, October 15, 2007 8:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders

     

    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my <st1:place w:st="on">OB</st1:place> classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan

     

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    <u1:placename u2:st="on">Management</u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Program</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place></u1:placetype> of <u1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Business</st1:placename></u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Administration</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></u1:placetype> of <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:placename></u1:state> at <u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Monroe</st1:city></st1:place></u1:city>
    <u1:place u2:st="on"><u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Monroe</st1:city></st1:place></u1:city>, <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">LA</st1:state></u1:state> <u1:postalcode u2:st="on"><st1:postalcode w:st="on">71209-0100</st1:postalcode></u1:postalcode></u1:place>
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101

     



  • 5.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 13:03
    Hi Stan,
     
    I have student teams develop team contracts.  I attached my instructions and form.  They do Part A on their own, then we start working on Part B together in class, and they finish outside of class.  I have all teams post one of their Part B procedures on WebCT to share with other teams.  I try to create a sense of urgency about managing team processes with Wageman and Hackman's "Overhead Reduction Taskforce" Harvard case right before the teams write their contracts, and I encourage them to take the contract seriously and use it to manage their teams.   I have not assessed the extent to which this works, but it is consistent with research on team effectiveness.
     
    Regards,
    Jodi
     

    ----------------------------------------
    Jodi S. Goodman
    University of Connecticut
    School of Business
    Department of Management
    2100 Hillside Road Unit 1041
    Storrs, CT 06269-1041
    Tel. (860) 486-0938
    Fax. (860) 486-6415
    Email. jodi.goodman@business.uconn.edu

     


    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Stanley Williamson
    Sent: Monday, October 15, 2007 11:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders

    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my <st1:place w:st="on">OB</st1:place> classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan

     

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    <u1:placename u2:st="on">Management</u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Program</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place></u1:placetype> of <u1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Business</st1:placename></u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Administration</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></u1:placetype> of <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:placename></u1:state> at <u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Monroe</st1:place></st1:city></u1:city>
    <u1:place u2:st="on"><u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Monroe</st1:city></st1:place></u1:city>, <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">LA</st1:state></u1:state> <u1:postalcode u2:st="on"><st1:postalcode w:st="on">71209-0100</st1:postalcode></u1:postalcode></u1:place>
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101

     



  • 6.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 13:28
    Dear Stan,

    I have found peer evaluations to be effective by making them carry much more weight. My team projects are worth 25% of the grade. Ten percent is for the in-class presentation; 10 percent is for peer evaluation; and 5% is for the written part of the project. Everyone on the team receives the same number of points for the first and third part, but the second part can vary widely. I do not tell the students in advance the specific questions I will ask them about the peer evaluation; but, I do remind them that this type of evaluation is something that they are likely to face in the workplace.

    Bruce

    Stanley Williamson <swilliamson@ULM.EDU> wrote:
    Hi, all—
    I use permanent student teams in my <st1:place w:st="on">OB</st1:place> classes using Dr. Michaelsen’s team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester’s end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.
    Thanks.
    stan
     
    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002
    <u1:placename u2:st="on">Management</u1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Program</u1:placename>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype></st1:place> of <u1:placename u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Business</st1:placename> <u1:placename u2:st="on">Administration</u1:placename></u1:placename></u1:placetype>
    <u1:placetype u2:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype></u1:placetype> of <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:placename w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:placename></u1:state> at <u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Monroe</st1:place></st1:city></u1:city>
    <u1:place u2:st="on"><u1:city u2:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Monroe</st1:city></st1:place>, <u1:state u2:st="on"><st1:state w:st="on">LA</st1:state></u1:state> <u1:postalcode u2:st="on"><st1:postalcode w:st="on">71209-0100</st1:postalcode></u1:postalcode></u1:city></u1:place>
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101
     



    Bruce Hoag, Ph.D.
    Organizational Psychologist
    Adjunct Assistant Professor
    University of Maryland, University College
    Contra San Faustino, 23
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  • 7.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 14:38
    Here is what I have done in the past with group projects and reducing freeloading:
     

    There are 20 points available for the project.  5 of the 20 points will come from peer reviews. On the peer score, if anyone receives an average score of 3 or less from your peers, your group score will be prorated. For example, there are 20 points available for each case. 15 points are assigned from me; 5 points are assigned as an average from your peers. If your group's score is 15 out of 15, but you receive an average of 3 points from your peers (3 / 5 = 60%) for your contribution to the case, your group score will become 9 (15 X 60% = 9).

     
    Dr. Barbara A. Wech
    Associate Professor
    University of Alabama at Birmingham
    School of Business
    Department of Management and Organization
    Birmingham, AL   35294
    205-934-8848
     
    "We should not be shy in proclaiming our calling.  Nor should we ever need to apologize for having found our calling in business."  Roberto Goizueta, Chairman & CEO of The Coca Cola Company (1981-97)
     
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    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv on behalf of Stanley Williamson
    Sent: Mon 10/15/2007 10:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders

    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my OB classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan

     

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101

     



  • 8.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 15:18
    Hi Stan,

    In addition to the suggestions made by others to provide peer assessment opportunities, I also try to ensure procedures are in place to deal with social loafing before it becomes a problem.

    I include the following paragraph in my course outline. The paragraph is from the course outline of colleague at Queen's University, Bill Cooper (who is referenced in my course outline).

    Social Loafing: Social loafing occurs when a group member relies on the remaining group members to complete group tasks, and does not contribute to group work.  If you feel that a member of your group is a social loafer, please respond as follows: (1) address your concerns with that group member as early as possible via email, and copy me on the email. (2) Agree upon a way in which that person can contribute to the group and notify me of your resolution by email. (3) If the problem persists, make an appointment for your group to meet with me.  We will attempt to resolve the problem together. (4) If this second attempt fails, leave the person’s name off the title page of the Group Case Assignment. (5) I will inform the group member that s/he will receive a zero on the Group Case Assignment.  Note that I will only give a zero if steps 1-4 have been followed.

    I also give them the opportunity to assess the quality of peer contributions. Students in a group of 5 have 500 points to allocate between them. They can give everyone 100% of their grade, or if some contribute more they can give some members more, but that means other members get less than 100%. 

    To help ensure that students are basing their allocation on the contributions of a team member rather than on popularity or implicit biases, I ask them to answer the following:

    1.  Was every member of your team given an equal opportunity to contribute?  If yes, please indicate how you ensured this to be the case.  If no, please explain.

    2. Do you feel that everyone on your team completed their assigned tasks? If no, explain.

    The lowest grade students are allowed to allocate to each other is 70% of the total grade.  To penalize any student more than that, they must follow the above social loafing procedures. 

    I take an average of the peer assessment.

    Students have taken advantage of the above procedures to try and deal with social loafers. I haven't had to give a zero yet.

    Cheers,
    Sandy

    -
    Sandy Hershcovis, PhD
    Assistant Professor
    Department of Business Administration
    I.H. Asper School of Business
    University of Manitoba
    Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5V4 Canada
    Email: sandy_hershcovis@umanitoba.ca
    Phone: +1 204 474 9951
    Fax: +1 204 474 7545


    At 10:48 AM 10/15/2007, Stanley Williamson wrote:
    Hi, all­
    I use permanent student teams in my OB classes using Dr. Michaelsen’s team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester’s end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.
    Thanks.
    stan
     

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101
     
    <x-sigsep></x-sigsep>

    -



  • 9.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 15:39
    My only suggestion would be to mandate a 1 point spread. If the points are
    very close, you know work was relatively equally shared. The "norm of
    student life" is to give everyone the same to avoid the hard work of
    performance appraisal, so I make sure that avoidance can't happen.

    SJH

    Susan Herman, Professor School of Management
    Director, Northern Leadership Center
    University of Alaska Fairbanks
    P.O. Box 756080
    Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6080
    907-474-1939 (o)
    907-474-5219 (f)
    www.uaf.edu/nlc



    -----Original Message-----
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv
    [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Perrewe, Pamela
    Sent: Monday, October 15, 2007 8:35 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: dealing with student team freeriders

    Dear Stan:

    Using 100%, I have my students put percentages of work for each person in
    their group. Thus, if there are 5 people and most everyone gives group
    members 20%, I am pretty confident that they all participated fairly
    equally. If, however, several group members rate one individual as doing
    very little, I am more confident lowering the group grade for this person.
    It's not perfect, but it helps.

    Pam




    Pamela L. Perrewe
    Distinguished Research Professor
    Jim Moran Professor of Management
    College of Business
    Florida State University
    Tallahassee, FL 32306-1110


    ________________________________

    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv on behalf of Stanley
    Williamson
    Sent: Mon 10/15/2007 11:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders



    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my OB classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team
    based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end
    worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other
    mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be
    appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan



    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101


  • 10.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 16:17
    I do similar to what has been suggested but to augment student's ratings
    I require that all team meetings occur in an online forum that I can
    monitor. For any instant messenger communications or phone meetings I
    ask that they document the results with: attendees, who brought what to
    the meeting and decisions. I use this information to verify that I am
    willing to lower an individual's grade.


    Regards,
    Darlene
    Darlene Alexander-Houle
    Global Programs PM
    darlene.alexander-houle@hp.com
    281-514-0111 (office)
    281-580-4402 (home office)
    281-851-3924 (mobile)

    -----Original Message-----
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv
    [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Susan Herman
    Sent: Monday, October 15, 2007 2:39 PM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: dealing with student team freeriders

    My only suggestion would be to mandate a 1 point spread. If the points
    are very close, you know work was relatively equally shared. The "norm
    of student life" is to give everyone the same to avoid the hard work of
    performance appraisal, so I make sure that avoidance can't happen.

    SJH

    Susan Herman, Professor School of Management Director, Northern
    Leadership Center University of Alaska Fairbanks P.O. Box 756080
    Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-6080
    907-474-1939 (o)
    907-474-5219 (f)
    www.uaf.edu/nlc



    -----Original Message-----
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv
    [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Perrewe, Pamela
    Sent: Monday, October 15, 2007 8:35 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: dealing with student team freeriders

    Dear Stan:

    Using 100%, I have my students put percentages of work for each person
    in their group. Thus, if there are 5 people and most everyone gives
    group members 20%, I am pretty confident that they all participated
    fairly equally. If, however, several group members rate one individual
    as doing very little, I am more confident lowering the group grade for
    this person.
    It's not perfect, but it helps.

    Pam




    Pamela L. Perrewe
    Distinguished Research Professor
    Jim Moran Professor of Management
    College of Business
    Florida State University
    Tallahassee, FL 32306-1110


    ________________________________

    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv on behalf of Stanley
    Williamson
    Sent: Mon 10/15/2007 11:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders



    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my OB classes using Dr. Michaelsen's
    team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's
    end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for
    other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be
    appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan



    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101


  • 11.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-15-2007 19:48
    While I do a lot of the same sort of things as have been suggested, I would add 2 comments...

    1. I allow teams to "fire" a team member, in which case I find something else for them to do. There is a procedure involved (i.e. they have to prove that they tried to fix the problem first, they have to give a clear warning, etc.) - This has only been used a couple of times, but in both cases it worked as it should. I think in most cases, the existence of the option helps motivate social loafers.

    2. In a much different vein, I recommend being very careful how much adjusting you do on their grades. As associate dean I came across a number of student grievances where the faculty member just could not prove that there was not just a personality problem or discrimination that led to the lower rating instead of real performance differences. I think it is problematic to just rely on the student feedback to "grade" a student, especially if a hefty percentage is attached. Many students are not all that mature about performance appraisal...

    Bill


    Dr. William B. Snavely
    Director and Professor
    School of Communication
    San Diego State University
    5500 Campanile Drive
    San Diego, CA 92182-4560

    Tel: 619 594-0895
    Fax: 619 594-0704
    Mobile: 513-461-1450
    E-mail: wsnavely@mail.sdsu.edu


  • 12.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-16-2007 03:18

    I take a somewhat similar approach. In allocating marks to a team assignment, I give the following instruction as part of the assignment:

     

    "After completion, you must award a point to each team member according to their respective contributions to the assignment. You have a total of 80 points to award to the different team members for their respective contributions; the higher the contribution, the higher the point awarded. All of the 80 points must be divided amongst team members, but no team member can get the same point as another; the difference in the value of allocated points amongst any two team members must be ≥ 2. The allocated points are to be an indication to the lecturer on the allocation of individual team members' assignment marks to for the group assignment marks. Each team member is to write a two page essay on his or her experience within this group, and sign the cover letter that he or she agrees fully with the content allocation of the marks."

     

    Mias de Klerk, PhD 
    Tel:   +27-(0)11-344 2533
    Fax: +27-(0)11-522 6734
    Cell:  +27-(0)82 901 5480
    mias.deklerk@sasol.com


    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Barbara A Wech
    Sent: Monday, October 15, 2007 8:38 PM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: dealing with student team freeriders

     

    Here is what I have done in the past with group projects and reducing freeloading:

     

    There are 20 points available for the project.  5 of the 20 points will come from peer reviews. On the peer score, if anyone receives an average score of 3 or less from your peers, your group score will be prorated. For example, there are 20 points available for each case. 15 points are assigned from me; 5 points are assigned as an average from your peers. If your group's score is 15 out of 15, but you receive an average of 3 points from your peers (3 / 5 = 60%) for your contribution to the case, your group score will become 9 (15 X 60% = 9).

     

    Dr. Barbara A. Wech

    Associate Professor

    <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Alabama</st1:placename> at <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Birmingham</st1:place></st1:city>

    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">School</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Business</st1:placename></st1:place>

    Department of Management and Organization

    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Birmingham</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">AL</st1:state>   <st1:postalcode w:st="on">35294</st1:postalcode></st1:place>

    205-934-8848

     

    "We should not be shy in proclaiming our calling.  Nor should we ever need to apologize for having found our calling in business."  Roberto Goizueta, Chairman & CEO of The Coca Cola Company (1981-97)

     

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    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv on behalf of Stanley Williamson
    Sent: Mon 10/15/2007 10:48 AM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: dealing with student team freeriders

    Hi, all-

    I use permanent student teams in my <st1:place w:st="on">OB</st1:place> classes using Dr. Michaelsen's team based learning pedagogy. While I use peer evaluations at semester's end worth about 5% of the semester total points, I am still looking for other mechanisms to minimize or deal with freeriding. Any ideas would be appreciated.

    Thanks.

    stan

     

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:placetype w:st="on">College</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Business Administration</st1:placename></st1:place>
    <st1:placetype w:st="on">University</st1:placetype> of <st1:placename w:st="on">Louisiana</st1:placename> at <st1:city w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Monroe</st1:place></st1:city>
    <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:city w:st="on">Monroe</st1:city>, <st1:state w:st="on">LA</st1:state> <st1:postalcode w:st="on">71209-0100</st1:postalcode></st1:place>
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101

     


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  • 13.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-16-2007 21:26
    Sorry I am so late to the conversation. Here are a few points, some that
    echo those of others.

    1. When the project course first starts, we discuss the issue of
    self-limiting behavior - not simply social loafing- so that potential
    reasons for holding back participation are surfaced. When students
    understand that it is not necessarily about laziness, they try harder to
    include each other, and the conversation also signals all members that
    social loafing will not be tolerated.

    2. Depending on course objectives, I sometimes use the point system
    discussed by others (and I usually have a 'no tie' rule)-- other times
    we go through a more time intensive process of deciding how the team
    will motivate each other (much like a team contract). We talk about the
    importance of fairness in peer evaluation, and the probability that
    there will be uneven performance by individual members. Why? If all
    are using their skills and abilities to the fullest, and all are taking
    responsibility for leading the team to a high quality project, their
    contributions will be greater in some areas (e.g., idea generation,
    facilitation) than others (e.g., writing, boundary spanning). Coming up
    with a custom instrument for that group of people makes sense— trying to
    force fit equality doesn’t.

    3. When I make peer evaluation a substantial portion of the grade (more
    than 5%), I make sure I insert a line into the syllabus that mentions I
    reserve the right to raise or lower a peer evaluation grade by one
    letter grade if I believe there has been under or over-inflation based
    on my observations, capriciousness or discrimination.

    4. This conversation also puts more pressure on me as the
    instructor/course designer to make sure the tasks are appropriate
    collaborative tasks (requiring more than simple cooperation) and to keep
    clarifying the link between projects and course objectives.

    4. Like Bill, I recognize that sometimes a 'work around' cannot be
    found for an unproductive member. When that student begins to hinder
    the progress of the team, I reserve the right to remove the student from
    the team rather than let the team fire them. Of course, the team must
    give a clear warning, talk with me, etc. The Loafer must then work out
    the consequences with me-- sometimes that means an alternative task set,
    sometimes they elect the retake the course another semester. Again,
    this is protection for all: the team does not determine the changes in
    graded assignments- I do.

    Dina

    Dina Mansour-Cole, Ph.D.
    Division of Organizational Leadership and Supervision
    Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne
    mansour@ipfw.edu

    >>> "Snavely, William B. Dr." <snavelwb@MUOHIO.EDU> 10/15/07 7:47 PM >>>
    While I do a lot of the same sort of things as have been suggested, I
    would add 2 comments...

    1. I allow teams to "fire" a team member, in which case I find something
    else for them to do. There is a procedure involved (i.e. they have to
    prove that they tried to fix the problem first, they have to give a
    clear warning, etc.) - This has only been used a couple of times, but in
    both cases it worked as it should. I think in most cases, the existence
    of the option helps motivate social loafers.

    2. In a much different vein, I recommend being very careful how much
    adjusting you do on their grades. As associate dean I came across a
    number of student grievances where the faculty member just could not
    prove that there was not just a personality problem or discrimination
    that led to the lower rating instead of real performance differences. I
    think it is problematic to just rely on the student feedback to "grade"
    a student, especially if a hefty percentage is attached. Many students
    are not all that mature about performance appraisal...

    Bill


    Dr. William B. Snavely
    Director and Professor
    School of Communication
    San Diego State University
    5500 Campanile Drive
    San Diego, CA 92182-4560

    Tel: 619 594-0895
    Fax: 619 594-0704
    Mobile: 513-461-1450
    E-mail: wsnavely@mail.sdsu.edu


  • 14.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-17-2007 15:51
    Many, many thanks to you all that responded on the freerider issues. Very
    helpful. It seems that, with variations, the peer evaluation remains the
    primary tool to deal with them.
    Thanks, again.
    stan

    Stan Williamson, Ph.D.
    Professor of Management
    Scott Endowed Professor for Teaching Excellence, 1999-2002

    Management Program
    College of Business Administration
    University of Louisiana at Monroe
    Monroe, LA 71209-0100
    318.342.1195
    fax: 318.342.1101

    -----Original Message-----
    From: Organizational Behavior Division Listserv
    [mailto:OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu] On Behalf Of Dina Mansour-Cole
    Sent: Tuesday, October 16, 2007 8:26 PM
    To: OB@AOMLISTS.pace.edu
    Subject: Re: dealing with student team freeriders

    Sorry I am so late to the conversation. Here are a few points, some that
    echo those of others.

    1. When the project course first starts, we discuss the issue of
    self-limiting behavior - not simply social loafing- so that potential
    reasons for holding back participation are surfaced. When students
    understand that it is not necessarily about laziness, they try harder to
    include each other, and the conversation also signals all members that
    social loafing will not be tolerated.

    2. Depending on course objectives, I sometimes use the point system
    discussed by others (and I usually have a 'no tie' rule)-- other times
    we go through a more time intensive process of deciding how the team
    will motivate each other (much like a team contract). We talk about the
    importance of fairness in peer evaluation, and the probability that
    there will be uneven performance by individual members. Why? If all
    are using their skills and abilities to the fullest, and all are taking
    responsibility for leading the team to a high quality project, their
    contributions will be greater in some areas (e.g., idea generation,
    facilitation) than others (e.g., writing, boundary spanning). Coming up
    with a custom instrument for that group of people makes sense- trying to
    force fit equality doesn't.

    3. When I make peer evaluation a substantial portion of the grade (more
    than 5%), I make sure I insert a line into the syllabus that mentions I
    reserve the right to raise or lower a peer evaluation grade by one
    letter grade if I believe there has been under or over-inflation based
    on my observations, capriciousness or discrimination.

    4. This conversation also puts more pressure on me as the
    instructor/course designer to make sure the tasks are appropriate
    collaborative tasks (requiring more than simple cooperation) and to keep
    clarifying the link between projects and course objectives.

    4. Like Bill, I recognize that sometimes a 'work around' cannot be
    found for an unproductive member. When that student begins to hinder
    the progress of the team, I reserve the right to remove the student from
    the team rather than let the team fire them. Of course, the team must
    give a clear warning, talk with me, etc. The Loafer must then work out
    the consequences with me-- sometimes that means an alternative task set,
    sometimes they elect the retake the course another semester. Again,
    this is protection for all: the team does not determine the changes in
    graded assignments- I do.

    Dina

    Dina Mansour-Cole, Ph.D.
    Division of Organizational Leadership and Supervision
    Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne
    mansour@ipfw.edu

    >>> "Snavely, William B. Dr." <snavelwb@MUOHIO.EDU> 10/15/07 7:47 PM >>>
    While I do a lot of the same sort of things as have been suggested, I
    would add 2 comments...

    1. I allow teams to "fire" a team member, in which case I find something
    else for them to do. There is a procedure involved (i.e. they have to
    prove that they tried to fix the problem first, they have to give a
    clear warning, etc.) - This has only been used a couple of times, but in
    both cases it worked as it should. I think in most cases, the existence
    of the option helps motivate social loafers.

    2. In a much different vein, I recommend being very careful how much
    adjusting you do on their grades. As associate dean I came across a
    number of student grievances where the faculty member just could not
    prove that there was not just a personality problem or discrimination
    that led to the lower rating instead of real performance differences. I
    think it is problematic to just rely on the student feedback to "grade"
    a student, especially if a hefty percentage is attached. Many students
    are not all that mature about performance appraisal...

    Bill


    Dr. William B. Snavely
    Director and Professor
    School of Communication
    San Diego State University
    5500 Campanile Drive
    San Diego, CA 92182-4560

    Tel: 619 594-0895
    Fax: 619 594-0704
    Mobile: 513-461-1450
    E-mail: wsnavely@mail.sdsu.edu


  • 15.  dealing with student team freeriders

    Posted 10-18-2007 00:43

    Hello everyone,

     

    Last week I gave a webinar on a related topic: How Did We Work? Assessing Collaborative Projects in the Class or Workplace. In the next week or so the archive will be online and I will post a link here for anyone who is interested. A handout is posted: http://www.vision2lead.com/Assessment.pdf.

     

    In this webinar I discussed a variety of approaches for promoting fair distribution of work and successful learning in teams. My premise is: thoughtful design and facilitation of team work helps learners develop better team and collaboration skills, in addition to successful content learning. My research shows that when collaborative projects occur in online classes, even more attention is needed to the process, structure and organization of the project. When learners are inexperienced with collaborative work, instructors can offer more structured assignments and scaffold experiences that allow them to gain skills needed to progress toward self-managed team projects.

     

    I presented my Typology of Collaborative Assessments. In this Typology I distinguish between collective assessment-assessment of the whole group or team, and individual assessment. My research shows that a combination, selected to fit the scope of the team project and experience of learners, can provide opportunities for fair and beneficial formative and summative assessment. In the recent webinar I shared examples of formative and summative assessment of two of the seven types: collective self-assessment and collective assessment by the instructor.

     

    I suggest allowing time for a planning phase with the expectation that learners submit a team work plan or charter with clear roles, timelines, etc. This team charter provides a framework for accountability....and grading. The suggestions made on this list are great examples of "collective self-assessment." When learners begin the project with a plan that has been submitted to the instructor, the instructor has a way to compare the team member's assessment in relation to their stated goals and protocols. This provides the "paper trail" that may be needed in a grievance situation.

     

    Hope this is useful!

    Janet

     

    Janet Salmons Ph.D.

    VISION2LEAD, INC.
    Site- http://www.vision2lead.com

    Blog for educators- http://blog.elearn2lead.com

    Blog for learners- http://belearner.elearn2lead.com
    PO Box 943
    Boulder, CO 80306-0943